Nasal Prongs

• Low flow delivery system.
• Flow rate: 1–6 L/min.
• FiO₂ starts at 0.24 for 1 L/min and increases by ~4% per L/min up to ~0.44 at 6 L/min.
• Well tolerated.
• Must be low flow rate: > 6 L/min causes nasal mucosal drying.
• Use: minimal or no respiratory distress or oxygenation problem.

Simple (Hudson) Face Mask (Rebreather)

• Low flow delivery system.
• Flow rate: 2–15 L/min.
• FiO₂ ranges from 0.24 to 0.6 (these concentrations are optimistic).
• Mask doesn’t need a tight seal.
• Use: similar to nasal prongs but requires higher concentrations.

Venturi Mask

• High flow delivery system.
• Flow rate: 4–12 L/min.
• FiO₂ can be set specifically with different flow rate and air ports; available settings: 0.24, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.4.
• Use: for COPD patients needing specific oxygen concentrations to avoid blunting their hypoxic drive; aim to keep SpO₂ around 88%.

Non-Rebreather with Reservoir Bag

• High flow delivery system.
• Proper use at 15 L/min supplies FiO₂ of ~0.7.
• Requires tight-fitting mask.
• Use: any spontaneously breathing patient needing short-term high O₂.
• Possible concern: consider in cases like carbon monoxide poisoning or trauma.

High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO)

• High flow delivery system.
• Provides humidified, saturated gas at up to 70 L/min.
• Delivered FiO₂ up to 0.9.
• Also provides a small level of PEEP.
• Well tolerated.

Face Mask Single/Double Jet

• High flow delivery system.
• Flow rate > 10 L/min.
• FiO₂: single setup 0.35–0.5; double setup 0.5–0.7.
• Provides high levels of humidified oxygen.
• Flow rates up to 30 L/min possible with double setup.
• Use: when > 50% oxygen is required for prolonged periods.

Bag Valve Mask

• FiO₂ depends on the type of bag.
• With a good seal and proper bag positioning (including exhalation port), FiO₂ up to 0.9 is achievable.