Infectious causes

• Pneumonia.
• Meningitis.
• Urinary tract infection.
• Cholangitis.
• Abdominal abscess.
• Bowel perforation and peritonitis.
• Soft tissue infections.
• Catheter related or medical device related.

Non-Infectious causes

• Burns.
• Trauma.
• Cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Pancreatitis.
• Massive transfusion.